Category: Nurse Educator

Storyboard: Multimedia Production Part 2

Paul Ross

Storyboarding

 “A storyboard is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence” (Wikipedia, 2019).

Example of a Storyboard

Storyboard for The Radio Adventures of Dr. Floyd

Storyboard Resources

ACMI. (2019). Storyboarding for the beginner.

ACMI. (2019). Storyboard Template.

Classic Disney Animation

Editing Resources

IT skills and budget are likely key factors in finding suitable editing resources. Here are a few, but a quick internet search will show many available resources. 

Inclusivity 

Don’t forget to review accessibility during the creation of resources for neurodiversity inclusiveness.

Multimedia Posts

 

 

Multimedia Production: Part 1

Paul Ross

This is the first post in the journey for development in multimedia production. I have minimal experience in photography or video production and so this is also a personal learning project. Any useful resources will be shared to enable nurse educators to give it a try themselves (anyone with multimedia experience please add resources in the comments section below). A ‘traditional’ nurse educator approach will be used (i.e. no budget), so whatever resources we already have or can borrow will be used.

  1. First step will be the process of multimedia production.
  2. Step two will be the production side of things.
  3. Step three the equipment, likely using a mobile phone and any free developing apps and potentially a borrowed GoPro.
  4. Step 4 creating and collating playlists

Video 101: Shooting Basics from Vimeo Video School

Rule of Thirds

“The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections (Wikipedia, 2019).

Rivertree thirds md
Image by Moondigger [CC BY-SA 2.5] from Wikimedia Commons

Dialogue: The Art of Thinking Together

Paul Ross

Book Club: Isaacs, W. (2008). Dialogue: The art of thinking together. Crown Business. [GoodReads review]

This book was suggested as part of preparation for participating in an Unconference. The purpose for this resource was to maximise the limited time, within a group of people with an interest in education but who were not known to each other, so to enable conversation and dialogue to occur in the one day timeframe. 

Dialogue is about “shared inquiry, a way of thinking and reflecting together”(pg. 9). 

This inquiry can involve telling stories and the ability to think and talk together. How we think does affect how we talk, with relation to our held memory and emotions.

“Dialogue is a practice for deliberately and consciously evoking powerful conversations like these” (pg 70).

The aim is to create mutual respect, coordination and connection within a group of people.  

  1. Listening
  2. Respecting
  3. Suspending
  4. Voicing 

Why is this important, well dialogue occurs in all walks of life. This approach can be used to work together, resolve conflicts (be warned this is not an easy process, the book provides many examples of dialogic discussion) and solve problems. The aim is to empower and create new ways of thinking and working together.

3 Levels of action in a dialogue (pg. 29-30):

  1. Produce coherent actions: do what we say,
  2. Create fluid structures of interaction,
  3. Provide an environment for dialogue to occur.

Path to Dialogue

Purpose of Dialogue

  • determine what is the problem?
  • In the world of information overload, dialogue can determine what truly matters to us?
  • Build capacity for new behaviour.
  • Learn to inquire together.

4 Principles of Dialogue

  1. Participation
  2. Unfolding
  3. Awareness
  4. Coherence

Learn to Listen

  • Prepare to listen
  • Learn to be present
  • What are you thinking?
  • Use reflective listening, see how others are experiencing the situation
  • Listen together

Listening Together

  • Respecting boundaries, but not being passive
  • Wholeness of the conversation
  • Awareness, the ability to suspend directions/opinions using reflection in action
  • Foster enquiry
  • Voice

The Environment

  • The container: for a rich field of interaction
  • Psychological safety

Keywords: Dialogue; Dialogic: Listening; Respect; Voice; Change Management

References

Argyris, C. (1977). Double loop learning in organizations. Harvard business review, 55(5), 115-125.

Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness. Jossey-Bass.

Bohm, D., & Peat, F. D. (2010). Science, order and creativity. Routledge.

Isaacs, W. (2008). Dialogue: The art of thinking together. Crown Business. [GoodReads review]

Isaacs, W. N. (1993). Taking flight: Dialogue, collective thinking, and organizational learning. Organizational dynamics, 22(2), 24-39.

Yacavone, M. (2010). A Summary of… David Kantor’s Four-Player Model of Communication.

Clinical Supervision in Nursing

Paul Ross

Instructional

Across nursing and healthcare, the supervision of students is an important component of training and learning. Clinical placements and the experiential learning experience are essential for developing and applying learned theoretical knowledge in the clinical environment. Undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and new staff are all some of the unique supervision opportunities for nurses to support. Not every nurse will be interested in formal education, but it is likely they will be a preceptor or supervisor. Therefore it is important nurses understand the skills required for effective supervision. Skills such as reflective practice, assessment and feedback are part of this supervision. Being made to feel welcome and recognised as an important part of the team, just basic socialisation aspects to the nursing team.

Supervision

Supervision is defined “as a formal process of professional support and learning which enables individual practitioners to develop knowledge and competence, and is acknowledged to be a life-long process” (Martin, Copley, & Tyack, 2014, p. 201).

“Clinical Supervision is regular, protected time for facilitated, in-depth reflection on clinical practice” (Bond and Holland,1998 p. 12)

Models of Supervision

Proctor’s model of supervision is perhaps the most commonly used within health care. “Supervision towards reflective practice” (Proctor, 2010). Proctor’s framework focuses on 3 areas of supervision:

  1. Normative: managerial aspect of practice and learning, such as professional CPD and core mandatory training.
  2. Formative: educative aspect of developing knowledge and skills in professional development and use self reflection for self awareness development. The aim is “to become increasingly reflective upon practice” within the supervision process (Proctor 2001, p.31).
  3. Restorative: supportive aspect for personal development, improving stress management and burnout prevention.

Clinical Supervision Skills Review Tool 

This Clinical Supervision Skills Review Tool is a helpful resource to review your supervision skills. More about this resource in the video below.

Other resources:

Note: This blog post resources and notes were taken from attending an education session ran by Monash University on supervision.

References

Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2013). Rethinking models of feedback for learning: the challenge of design. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(6), 698-712.

Carrucan-Wood, L. (2015). Preceptorship: Grounding and growing the next generation. Nursing Review.

Department of Health and Human Services. (2015) Clinical Supervision Skills Review Tool.  Victorian Government, Melbourne.

Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of educational research, 77(1), 81-112.

Martin, P., Copley, J., & Tyack, Z. (2014). Twelve tips for effective clinical supervision based on a narrative literature review and expert opinion. Medical teacher, 36(3), 201-207.

Proctor, B. (2010). Training for the supervision alliance: Attitude, Skills and Intention. In Routledge handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 51-62). Routledge.

Sloan, G., & Watson, H. (2002). Clinical supervision models for nursing: structure, research and limitations. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 17(4), 41.

Winstanley, J. (2000). Manchester clinical supervision scale. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 14(19), 31.

‘Do not interrupt’ Bundled Intervention to Reduce Medication Interruptions.

Paul Ross

Journal Club Article: Westbrook, J. I., Li, L., Hooper, T. D., Raban, M. Z., Middleton, S., & Lehnbom, E. C. (2017). Effectiveness of a ‘Do not interrupt’ bundled intervention to reduce interruptions during medication administration: a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study. BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2016.

Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of a ‘Do not interrupt’ bundled intervention to reduce non-medication-related interruptions to nurses during medication administration.

Method: A parallel eight cluster randomised controlled study. Nurses were informed that the study was a direct observational study of medication administration and preparation tasks. Nursing staff were blinded to the study aim focused on interruptions and at baseline were blinded to the intervention. Only intervention ward staff were informed of the intervention subsequently.

Use of real time collected data using the Work Observational Method by Activity Timing Software (WOMBAT).

Setting: 4 wards in 1 hospital. Over 8 weeks and 364.7 hours, 227 nurses were observed administering 4781 medications.

Intervention: Wearing a vest when administering medications; strategies for diverting interruptions; clinician and patient education; and reminders.

Outcome Measures: 

  1. Primary outcome was non-medication-related interruptions during individual medication dose administrations.
  2. Secondary outcomes were total interruption and multitasking rates. A survey of nurses’ experiences was administered.

Intervention: The ‘Do not interrupt’ intervention comprised five ‘bundled’ elements:

  1. Wearing of a ‘Do not interrupt’ medication vest by nurses when preparing and administering medications,
  2. Interactive workshops with nurses regarding the purpose of the intervention to reduce non-medication-related interruptions and to identify local barriers and enablers to intervention use (eg, where to store vests),
  3. Brief standardised education sessions with clinical staff (eg, doctors, allied health),
  4. Patient information, which included why nurses were wearing a vest, and a request not to interrupt nurses during medication administration unless their concern was serious and urgent, or related to their medication. Patients were informed of other nurses and staff from whom to seek help if required,
  5. The use of reminders such as posters and stickers to inform health professionals, patients and visitors not to interrupt nurses during medication rounds for safety reasons.

Results: Baseline characteristics for control and interventions wards were similar.  Due to the observational approach of the study, the impact on influencing behaviours must be considered.

  • At baseline, nurses experienced 57 interruptions/100 administrations, 87.9% were unrelated to the medication task being observed.
  • A significant reduction of 15 non-medication-related interruptions/100 administrations compared with control wards.
  • Medication
  • The intervention more effective reducing interruptions from other nurses, no substantial impact from patient interruptions.
  • Intervention ward nurses reported that vests were time consuming, cumbersome and hot.
  • Only 48% of nurses indicated that they would support the intervention becoming hospital policy.
  •  There was reduction in multitasking rates in the intervention wards compared to control wards.

Discussion: The main aspect was the reduction of interruptions (30%) which potentially (as reduction in medication errors was not measured) translates to a reduction in medication administered errors (MAEs) of 1.8%.

This study was conducted in a paper system, so the impact of electronic medication administration records (eMARs) on reducing medication errors needs to be considered.

If visual aids such as vests are not a preference for nurses, also the infection control issue moving around the ward then educating nurses to deal with interruptions is advocated.

Resources

Hayes, C., Jackson, D., Davidson, P. M., & Power, T. (2015). Medication errors in hospitals: a literature review of disruptions to nursing practice during medication administration. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(21-22), 3063-3076.

Westbrook, J. I., Woods, A., Rob, M. I., Dunsmuir, W. T., & Day, R. O. (2010). Association of interruptions with an increased risk and severity of medication administration errors. Archives of Internal medicine, 170(8), 683-690.

Westbrook, J. I., & Ampt, A. (2009). Design, application and testing of the Work Observation Method by Activity Timing (WOMBAT) to measure clinicians’ patterns of work and communication. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 78, S25-S33.

Flowing Data Simulations

Paul Ross

Take a look at this great visual data on the simulations of a day in the life of Americans. Put it to fast and it becomes mesmerising to watch the activities over a 24 hour period of a sample of 1000 people.

Yau, N. (2015). A Day in the Life of an American.

Other time use data:

This shows the amazing visual presentations using technology that can replace reams of words or the same old slide presentation format. Remember, it is the message within the storytelling that is essential as part of a presentation to resonate with the listener. 

Incivility

Paul Ross

Incivility

In nursing we are used to terms such as, “eating our young” in the transition from student to graduate nurse, some call this plain ‘bullying‘. Take a look at the below presentation on incivility and look at some of themes that we could incorporate into the healthcare workplace to enhance teamwork within nursing and across the multi-disciplinary team.

Why Being Nice To Your Coworker Is Good For Business by Christine Porath at TEDx University of Nevada

Incivility in Healthcare Resources

Altmiller, G. (2012). Student perceptions of incivility in nursing education: Implications for educators. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(1), 15-20.

Clark, C. (2008). The dance of incivility in nursing education as described by nursing faculty and students. Advances in Nursing Science, 31(4), E37-E54.

Spence Laschinger, H. K., Leiter, M., Day, A., & Gilin, D. (2009). Workplace empowerment, incivility, and burnout: Impact on staff nurse recruitment and retention outcomes. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(3), 302-311.

Sprunk, E. A. (2013). Student incivility: Nursing faculty lived experience.

Biohacking

Paul Ross

What Is Biohacking?

Biohacking (verb, noun) by Dave Asprey (@Bulletproof):

(v): changing your environment from the inside-out so you have full control of your biology; using your body as your personal laboratory, finding the exact hacks that work for you.

(n) The art and science of becoming superhuman.

Superhuman

So in healthcare this approach could provide a way to deliver individualistic care to suit the biology of the person. Or if they are a biohacker they will likely be very informed of their personal health status and preferences and can drive this personalised approach (#expertpatient)

Biohacking You Can Do It Too by Ellen Jorgensen on TED

Topics related to biohacking from Wikipedia (2018):

Keywords: Biotechnology; Genomics; DNA; Biohacking

Biohacking Resources

Asprey, D. (2018). Going Bulletproof for Beginners. Bulletproof.com

BBC. (2018). Biohacking series.

DIYbio

Genspace

The Personal Genome Project

The Applicability of Community of Inquiry Framework (Journal Club)

Paul Ross

Journal Club Article: Smadi, O., Parker, S., Gillham, D., & Müller, A. (2019). The applicability of community of inquiry framework to online nursing education: A cross-sectional study. Nurse education in practice, 34, 17-24.

Background

The lack of rigorous evidence based research to guide e-learning in higher education, which is especially relevant with the rapid adoption of e-learning, which is often part of a blended learning approach (Garrison, 2011).

“While discussion forums and video conferencing are very common in online courses, LMS also include a range of more interactive features and advanced functions such as customized learning pathways, collaborative content, peer interaction and assessment workshops, file sharing, real-time messaging, and wiki forums. However, according to Christie and Jurado (2009), these interactive features are not widely used by the course designers. Shea and Bidjerano (2009b) report that designers of online courses and educational providers are often confused about how to integrate new technologies into online learning environments in ways that will enrich student learning.”

The Community of Inquiry Framework

“The Community of Inquiry framework originated in the work of Dewey (1938), Peirce (1955), and Lipman (2003). Garrison et al. (2000) broadened and adapted the Community of Inquiry framework for e-learning education by viewing it through the lens of social, cognitive, and teaching presences.”

Community of Inquiry framework (Garrison et al., 2000):

  1. Social Presence
  2. Cognitive Presence
  3. Teaching Presence

Study Aim

The projects aims were to explore the following questions:

1. What is the awareness and knowledge of Australian nursing educators about the CoI framework?
2. What is the participants’ attitudes on the applicability of the CoI framework to online nurse education courses?

Study Design

An online survey tool which was divided into three sections:

  1. Demographic information,
  2. The applicability of community of inquiry presences,
  3. Awareness and knowledge of  Community of Inquiry.

Participants: Nurse educators from 34 higher education universities providing nurse education to international students.

Limitations: The survey tool was an adaptation of a validated tool. The limited response from using an online survey approach.

Results

From 138 respondents from a possible 1201 (response rate 11.5%):

    • The current used mode of teaching is blended learning (BL) (83%).
    • Nurse educators ranked BL as the best suited teaching mode for nursing education (90%).
    • Ninety percent (90%) of the participants are involved in curriculum design.
    • (90%) of the participants viewed instructional design and framework as significant to build an online course.
    • However, (70%) declared they don’t use explicit theoretical framework to guide the design/evaluation of online education.
    • Participants highly ranked the three core concepts of CoI framework as applicable for online nursing education.
  • (20%) of the participants are familiar with CoI framework, of them (79%) are likely to recommend CoI framework to a colleague.

Summary

“This study has shown the perceived importance of instructional design and theoretical framework to build an online courses for nurse educators using blended learning. Since Community of Inquiry framework has been shown to improve student satisfaction and decrease attrition in non-health disciplines, the implementation of Community of Inquiry framework in nurse education should be investigated more. Community of Inquiry provides a comprehensive framework relevant to face-to-face, blended, and online education with the potential to embed numerous technology-linked interventions within a Community of Inquiry framework.

These results provide the impetus for further investigation of factors influencing the development of online nurse education including the specific consideration of CoI frameworks.”

Keywords: Community of inquiry; Online education; Theoretical framework; Blended learning; E-learning

Reference

Smadi, O., Parker, S., Gillham, D., & Müller, A. (2019). The applicability of community of inquiry framework to online nursing education: A cross-sectional study. Nurse education in practice, 34, 17-24.

Spaced Learning

Paul Ross

Spaced Learning is a “learning method in which highly condensed learning content is repeated three times, with two 10-minute breaks during which distractor activities such as physical activities are performed by the students” (Wikipedia, 2018).

Spaced Learning in School 

Themes from the Monkseaton High School experience:

  • What could do we do better and what we are doing
  • Drivers for change are technology and new science
  • Neurological research focused on learning and retention
  • Repetition of content
  • Culture of sharing amongst teachers

Additional Resources

Keywords: Spaced Learning; Repetition; Sharing; Experience; Cognitive learning; Neuroscience.

References

Eich, E. (2018). The Cognitive Science of Learning Enhancement: Optimizing Long-Term Retention. The University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology.

Kelley, P. (2007). Making Minds: What’s Wrong with Education-and What Should We Do about It?. Routledge. [preview]

Smolen, P., Zhang, Y., & Byrne, J. H. (2016). The right time to learn: mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(2), 77.

Storm, B. C. (2011). The benefit of forgetting in thinking and remembering. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(5), 291-295.