We have all either delivered or been on the end of a “see one, do one” or “do one, teach one” approach to learning, often delivered in simulation with the aim for skill development. But maybe we should add another two-steps into the approach and follow Peyton’s four-step method. To aid the processing of information (learning) and then apply this new knowledge in context (situational awareness) the four-stage technique can be utilised.
Peyton’s Four-Step Approach:
1. “The teacher demonstrates the skill at his normal pace without any comments (Demonstration)
2. The teacher repeats the procedure, this time describing all necessary sub-steps (Deconstruction)
3. The student has to explain each sub-step while the teacher follows the student’s instructions (Comprehension)
4. The student performs the complete skill himself on his own (Performance)” (Nikendei et al, 2014).
There are clearly defined instructional steps to guide educator and student. Provides small group or a 1:1 teacher:student ratio for successful instructional training in skills learning sims.
Keywords: Simulation; skills labs; 4-step; experiential learning; technical skills.
References
Bullock, I., Davis, M., Lockey, A., & Mackway-Jones, K. (Eds.). (2015). Pocket Guide to Teaching for Clinical Instructors. John Wiley & Sons.
International Clinician Educators (ICE) Blog. (2017). Effective teaching of technical skills requires more than see one do one. KeyLime podcast No. 142. ICE blog.
Münster, T., Stosch, C., Hindrichs, N., Franklin, J., & Matthes, J. (2016). Peyton’s 4-Steps-Approach in comparison: Medium-term effects on learning external chest compression–a pilot study. GMS journal for medical education, 33(4).
Nikendei, C., Huber, J., Stiepak, J., Huhn, D., Lauter, J., Herzog, W., … & Krautter, M. (2014). Modification of Peyton’s four-step approach for small group teaching–a descriptive study. BMC medical education, 14(1), 68.
Walker, M., & Peyton, J. W. R. (1998). Teaching in theatre. Teaching and learning in medical practice. Rickmansworth, UK: Manticore Europe Limited, 171-180.
Wang, T. S., Schwartz, J. L., Karimipour, D. J., Orringer, J. S., Hamilton, T., & Johnson, T. M. (2004). An Education Theory–Based Method to Teach a Procedural Skill. Archives of dermatology, 140(11), 1357-1361.